International journal of martial arts

Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced neuroinflammation is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease( AD), which is a key factor underlying the generation of amyloid beta. Requirements for therapies of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD are not only consistent efficacy for long periods, but also the elimination of potential risks for hepatotoxi city. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Frunus mume water extract (FME) on LPS induced hippocampal damage associated with inflammatory signals. ICR male mice(n=30) were divided into three groups. The normal group remained untreated, LPS grou p (positive control) was stimulated to express LPS induced hippocampus damage, and FME group(treatment) was stimulated to express LPS induced hippocampal damage and administered FME at 40 mg/kg/day. Mouse brain tissues were tested by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry following inflammation markers such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), and cyclooxygenase 2(COX 2). FME administered at 40 mg/kg/day for seven days in saline solution significantly r educed brain inflammation in the hippocampi of LPS stimulated mice. Moreover, FME regulated the expression of inflammatory proteins such as TNF α, iNOS and COX 2. Our data exhibits that FME attenuates neuroinflammation and damage in brains of LPS stimulate d mice. These findings suggest that FME is a potential therapeutic agent in treating neuroinflammation and recommend further testing on the matter.

This study was to investigate the effects of Guard Martial Arts Education on Task-Reated Physical Fitness and Gait Ability in the Private Security Guard. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 40 security guards working at the Y security company in S city were selected. The participants were divided into two groups: Exercise group (n=20) and Control group(n=20), and after observing the effect of the guard martial training on Task-Reated physical fitness and functional gait ability, the results were as follows. The participants were divided into two groups: Exercise group(n=20) and Control group(n=20). The Guard Martial Arts Education for 12 weeks. The results of this study were as follows: First, As for the Task-Reated Physical Fitness, there were significantly increased in Grasping power, push-up, sit-up, 100m, 1000m in the exercise group. Second, as for the gait Ability, there were significantly increased in speed and stepin the exercise group. As conclusions, this study confirmed that the guard martial arts education could improve the task-reated physical fitness and gait ability of private security guard. However, there is a need for more specific exercise programs to be developed for the continual improvement of athletic performance in guard martial arts education along with further studies to confirm the physiological benefits of those programs.

Courtesy is considered especially important in hapkido training. The characteristic of hapkido is that trainees sit upright on their knees and exchange greetings before they start to undergo training, and another character-istic is that they stand up gently and do circular motions when they compete with each other. They feel the energy of their bodies when they train it. The training effects of hapkido is associated with its technical system. There are some differences in that regard among various hapkido organizations, but the technical system of hapkido consists of breathing, break fall and technique in general, which is differentiated from those of other martial arts. Hankido is a martial art that is good for school children's physical activities. This is viewed as an attractive physical activity that can step up their emotional, social and intellectual development, provide physical education and help them to build up character to grow into good members of society. Accordingly, this study was imple-mented on the assumption that hapkido training would be of use for personality education for elementary school students. The subjects in this study were 300 male and female elementary school students who were selected by random sampling from among the male and female trainees in 13 hapkido gyms located in the cities of Daejeon and Incheon. After a survey was conducted by this researcher, the answer sheets from 263 respondents were analyzed except for 37 ones that were incomplete or included unfaithful responses. This scale consisted of five areas and 16 items, which were four on etiquette, four on caring, four on emotion, two on personality and two on life habits. In this study, what influence hapkido training exerted on the personality development of the elementary school students was analyzed. And the following conclusions were reached: First, whether hapkido training affected the personality development of the school children in a different way according to gender was analyzed. As a result, there were significant differences in caring among the subfactors. The boys were more caring than the girls. Second, whether hapkido training affected the personality development of the school children in a different way according to grade was analyzed. The third and fourth graders and the fifth and sixth graders were ahead of the first and second graders in terms of etiquette, personality and life habits, and the fifth and sixth graders excelled the first and second graders in emotion. Third, whether hapkido training affected the personality development of the school children in a different way according to training frequency was analyzed, and the group that trained three times or more a week were ahead of the group that trained three times or less in every variable that was etiquette, caring, emotion, personality and life habits. Fourth, whether there were any differences among the school children who trained hapkido in personality development according to training experience was analyzed. As a result, the group that trained for one to four years were ahead of the group that trained for one year or less in terms of etiquette, emotion, personality and life habits, and the group that trained for two to four years were more caring than the group that trained for a year or less.

This study was to investigate the effects of exercise and drinking habits on the body composition and physical fitness in middle-aged men. The participants were divided into two groups: 1 times a week Drinker group(n=15) and 3 times a week Drinker group(n=15). The exercise and drinking habits for 12 weeks. The results of this study were as follows: First, In terms of change in body composition due to drinking and exercise, the group drinking once a week shows a statistically significant decrease in weight, body fat ratio, BMI, and abdominal fat rate, but doesn't show any significant difference in muscle skeletal mass. And the group drinking three times a week doesn't show any significant difference in all variables of body composition. In addition, difference between groups due to drinking and exercise doesn't reveal any statistically significant difference in all variables of body composition at the pretest. However, at the posttest, weight, body fat ratio, BMI, and abdominal fat ratio showed a statistically significant difference. Second, as for the physical fitness, there were significantly increased in left grip strength, right grip strength, muscle endurance, cardiopulmonary endurance, flexibility, quick reaction, and agility the 1 times a week Drinker group. As conclusions, this study confirmed that the exercise and drinking habits could improve the body composition and physical fitness of middle-aged men. However, there is a need for more specific exercise programs to be developed for the continual improvement of athletic performance in exercise and drinking habits along with further studies to confirm the physiological benefits of those programs.

In this study, taekwondo's image and consumer behavior were analyzed in terms of taekwondo image and consumer behaviors in accordance with taekwondo demonstration recognition for risk management and stable management through securing new trainees and continuously participating in taekwondo. And to provide basic data to help establish management strategies. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 418 questionnaires of visitors to taekwondo demonstration were taken as valid samples. For data processing and statistical methods, frequency analysis was performed for general characterization using SPSS. Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated for the reliability of the question-naire. To classify taekwondo model recognition factor, Taekwondo chapter image factor, and consumer behavior factor for factor analysis. In order to examine the relationship between the variables, correlation analysis was conducted. Multiple re-gression analysis was used to examine the effect of taekwondo pilot recognition factor on the image factor and consumer behavior factor of taekwondo(significance level .05). The following conclusions were obtained through this study. The effects of training factors, effect factors, interest factors, and knowledge factors of taekwondo demon-stration recognition were found to affect image factors. The training factors, effect factors, interest factors, and knowledge factors of taekwondo demonstration recognition. And the intention factors of word of mouth. Also, image factor of taekwondo chapter image influenced purchase intention factor and word of mouth intention factor of consumer behavior. Comprehensively, it is important to emphasize the importance of training through demonstration, defeat, and protest in taekwondo, and to present objective and scientific results of physical and mental effects through taekwondo participation. Also, in order to provide general knowledge about taekwondo and knowledge about taekwondo, it is necessary to make and distribute relevant books, research materials and images so that many people can share their knowledge. If these activities are carried out, the taekwondo director's education program, the trainees' training style and training skills, and the atmosphere of the taekwondo dojo will be noticed, which will have a positive effect on the image of the painting. Finally, together we will contribute to the revitalization of management.